用SQL语句,删除掉重复项只保留一条
在几千条记录里,存在着些相同的记录,如何能用SQL语句,删除掉重复的呢
1、查找表中多余的重复记录,重复记录是根据单个字段(peopleId)来判断
SELECT * FROM people WHERE peopleId IN ( SELECT peopleId FROM people GROUP BY peopleId HAVING count(peopleId) > 1 )
2、删除表中多余的重复记录,重复记录是根据单个字段(peopleId)来判断,只留有rowid最小的记录
DELETE FROM people WHERE peopleName IN ( SELECT peopleName FROM people GROUP BY peopleName HAVING count(peopleName) > 1 ) AND peopleId NOT IN ( SELECT min(peopleId) FROM people GROUP BY peopleName HAVING count(peopleName) > 1 )
3、查找表中多余的重复记录(多个字段)
SELECT * FROM vitae a WHERE (a.peopleId, a.seq) IN ( SELECT peopleId, seq FROM vitae GROUP BY peopleId, seq HAVING count(*) > 1 )
4、删除表中多余的重复记录(多个字段),只留有rowid最小的记录
DELETE FROM vitae a WHERE (a.peopleId, a.seq) IN ( SELECT peopleId, seq FROM vitae GROUP BY peopleId, seq HAVING count(*) > 1 ) AND rowid NOT IN ( SELECT min(rowid) FROM vitae GROUP BY peopleId, seq HAVING count(*) > 1 )
5、查找表中多余的重复记录(多个字段),不包含rowid最小的记录
SELECT * FROM vitae a WHERE (a.peopleId, a.seq) IN ( SELECT peopleId, seq FROM vitae GROUP BY peopleId, seq HAVING count(*) > 1 ) AND rowid NOT IN ( SELECT min(rowid) FROM vitae GROUP BY peopleId, seq HAVING count(*) > 1 )
6.消除一个字段的左边的第一位:
UPDATE tableName SET [ Title ]= RIGHT ([ Title ],(len([ Title ]) - 1)) WHERE Title LIKE '村%'
7.消除一个字段的右边的第一位:
UPDATE tableName SET [ Title ]= LEFT ([ Title ],(len([ Title ]) - 1)) WHERE Title LIKE '%村'
8.假删除表中多余的重复记录(多个字段),不包含rowid最小的记录
UPDATE vitae SET ispass =- 1 WHERE peopleId IN ( SELECT peopleId FROM vitae GROUP BY peopleId
最近在做题库系统,由于在题库中添加了重复的试题,所以需要查询出重复的试题,并且删除掉重复的试题只保留其中1条,以保证考试的时候抽不到重复的题。
首先写了一个小的例子:
单个字段的操作
这是数据库中的表:
分组:
Select 重复字段 From 表 Group By 重复字段 Having Count(*)>1
查看是否有重复的数据:
GROUP BY <列名序列>
HAVING <组条件表达式>
查询出:根据dname分组,同时满足having字句中组条件表达式(重复次数大于1)的那些组
count(*)与count(1)其实没有什么差别,用哪个都可以
查询全部重复的数据:
Select * From 表 Where 重复字段 In (Select 重复字段 From 表 Group By 重复字段 Having Count(*)>1)
删除全部重复试题:
将上面的查询select改为delete(这样会出错的)
DELETE
FROM
dept
WHERE
dname IN (
SELECT
dname
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname
HAVING
count(1) > 1
)
会出现如下错误:[Err] 1093 – You can’t specify target table ‘dept’ for update in FROM clause
原因是:更新这个表的同时又查询了这个表,查询这个表的同时又去更新了这个表,可以理解为死锁。mysql不支持这种更新查询同一张表的操作
解决办法:把要更新的几列数据查询出来做为一个第三方表,然后筛选更新。
查询表中多余重复试题(根据depno来判断,除了rowid最小的一个)
第一种方法:
SELECT
*
FROM
dept
WHERE
dname IN (
SELECT
dname
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname
HAVING
COUNT(1) > 1
)
AND deptno NOT IN (
SELECT
MIN(deptno)
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname
HAVING
COUNT(1) > 1
)
上面这种写法正确,但是查询的速度太慢,可以试一下下面这种方法:
第二种方法:
☆根据dname分组,查找出deptno最小的。然后再查找deptno不包含刚才查出来的。这样就查询出了所有的重复数据(除了deptno最小的那行)
SELECT *
FROM
dept
WHERE
deptno NOT IN (
SELECT
dt.minno
FROM
(
SELECT
MIN(deptno) AS minno
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname
) dt
)
删除表中多余重复试题并且只留1条:
第一种方法:
DELETE
FROM
dept
WHERE
dname IN (
SELECT
t.dname
FROM
(
SELECT
dname
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname
HAVING
count(1) > 1
) t
)
AND deptno NOT IN (
SELECT
dt.mindeptno
FROM
(
SELECT
min(deptno) AS mindeptno
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname
HAVING
count(1) > 1
) dt
)
☆第二种方法(与上面查询的第二种方法对应,只是将select改为delete):
DELETE
FROM
dept
WHERE
deptno NOT IN (
SELECT
dt.minno
FROM
(
SELECT
MIN(deptno) AS minno
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname
) dt
)
多个字段的操作:
单个字段的如果会了,多个字段也非常简单。
DELETE
FROM
dept
WHERE
(dname, db_source) IN (
SELECT
t.dname,
t.db_source
FROM
(
SELECT
dname,
db_source
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname,
db_source
HAVING
count(1) > 1
) t
)
AND deptno NOT IN (
SELECT
dt.mindeptno
FROM
(
SELECT
min(deptno) AS mindeptno
FROM
dept
GROUP BY
dname,
db_source
HAVING
count(1) > 1
) dt
)
总结:
其实上面的方法还有很多需要优化的地方,如果数据量太大的话,执行起来很慢,可以考虑加优化一下:
在经常查询的字段上加上索引
将*改为你需要查询出来的字段,不要全部查询出来
小表驱动大表用IN,大表驱动小表用EXISTS。IN适合的情况是外表数据量小的情况,而不是外表数据大的情况,因为IN会遍历外表的全部数据,假设a表100条,b表10000条那么遍历次数就是100*10000次,而exists则是执行100次去判断a表中的数据是否在b表中存在,它只执行了a.length次数。至于哪一个效率高是要看情况的,因为in是在内存中比较的,而exists则是进行数据库查询操作的
分享一种写法,具体效率我没测试过,不过应该挺高的。只保留Id最小的一个。
-
DELETE aFROM`表名` aLEFT JOIN (SELECT要去重的字段FROM`表名`GROUP BY要去重的字段HAVINGCOUNT(1) > 1) b ON a.要去重的字段 = b.要去重的字段LEFT JOIN (SELECTMIN(根据ID筛选) 根据ID筛选FROM`表名`GROUP BY要去重的字段HAVINGCOUNT(1) > 1) c ON a.根据ID筛选 = c.根据ID筛选WHEREb.要去重的字段 IS NOT NULLAND c.根据ID筛选 IS NULL